This conifer stands out for its symmetrical, pyramidal shape that tapers to a pointed tip. While it usually grows to between 10 and 15 metres tall, it can sometimes reach heights of up to 25 metres.
Its branches are lined with flat needles arranged in two neat rows on either side. The needles are dark green and glossy on top, with two white stripes underneath.
When crushed, the needles give off a scent similar to mint. That distinctive fragrance is reflected in the species’ Latin name, balsamifera, meaning “balm,” a nod to aromatic plants.
Young balsam firs have smooth, grayish bark dotted with visible resin blisters. As the tree matures, the bark becomes rough and turns brownish.